He disputes the importance of this orogeny elsewhere in. Both basement and cover are intruded by a suite of syntectonic to latetectonic granites and granodiorites. The pan african event in dronning maud land shows a collisional age of 610550 ma and an extensional stage at 530500 ma jacobs et al. The avalon zone shows marked similarities in age, tectonic history, and facies development to the pan. The late neoproterozoiccambrian panafrican orogeny, which can be regarded as. We are an africa of hard work, honesty, good neighbourliness, with respect for diversity. The integration and shape of the african plate was affected by the tectonothermal neoproterozoic pan african orogenic event fig.
The notion that gondwana was assembled during the late precambrian from two older fragments along the pan african mozambique belt was first proposed in the early 1980s. Synmetamorphic cu remobilization during the panafrican. Fellow of the american association, inter national president panafrican conference. Characteristics that help in identifying ancient suture zones and collision zones 1local preservation lp of rifted atlantictype margin rocks 2 lp of ophiolite fragments 3lp of fragments of island and andean arc rocks and arc roots. Cratons, mobile belts, alkaline rocks and continental.
Evidence from contrasting lithologies and geochronological data suggest that at least three. The relationships between lowgrade metasedimentary belts. Johnson 2002 noticed that it has been generally accepted that the ediaca. Panafrican wurde 1964 vom geologen william quarrier kennedy gepragt. The pan african orogeny is an event which occurred about 600 million years ago and has affected large areas encircling the west african, congo and kalahari cratons. These two conferences were milestones in the quest for african unity. Several latecollision and intraplate features are not entirely integrated in the classical plate tectonic model. Panafrican orogeny in northern nigeria gsa bulletin.
Precambrian evolution of the zone began with circa 800 ma rifting of a sialic gneissic basement and deposition of a middle proterozoic. A damara orogen perspective on the assembly of southwestern. Dubois and that is the attitude that all of uj had to him. Parts official letters in english pdf of the sevierlaramide orogeny. Du boiss own address was entitled the negro race in theunited states. Hiking tours brazil the neoproterozoic brasiliano pan african cycle 850 500 ma describes the assembly of west gondwana from the break up of supercontinent rodinia pannotia to the closure of all oceanic basins, over a series of subduction and collisional events up to its final fusion agglutination. There has been a general consensus that the initial and paroxysmal phases of the panafrican orogeny took place at ca. One of the structural features left following the panafrican orogeny was an elongate arch extending senw from the tibisti mountains to the vicinity of tripoli, and evidence of this arch is to be found in the separation of the kufrah and murzuq basins, in the brakbin ghanimah uplift. The impact of the pan african orogeny in the sout river area southwest of bitterfontein on rocks of the namaqualand metamorphic complex and on metasedimentary rocks of the gariep supergroup has been determined. A decade later this continental collision was named the east african orogeny, but it was also realised that this was not the simple bringing together of two halves. Pan africanism is a black movement that can be defined as a belief in the laws and representation that benefit africans in the diaspora and on the continent. Pan africanism must and should be viewed within the lining of this thin thread that links the various african cultures. Structural analysis, absolute geothermobarometry and fluid. Following the emergence of the ocean, a variety of island arcs.
The panafrican orogenic cycle is timeequivalent with the cadomian orogeny in western and central europe and the baikalian in asia. The pan african orogeny and the grenville orogeny are the largest known systems of orogenies. The movement then definitely entered the sphere of practical politics,6 and between 1959 and 1963 various. The notion that gondwana was assembled during the late precambrian from two older fragments along the panafrican mozambique belt was first proposed in the early 1980s. Madagascar, respectively, show remarkable similarity, indicating that the pan african orogeny was extensive enough to reorder the crustal structure of a wide.
The integration and shape of the african plate was affected by the tectonothermal neoproterozoic panafrican orogenic event fig. Pan african orogeny has been divided into two parts, namely, circa 870 to 630 ma, which is characterized by terrane accretion as seen in arabiannubian shield, and 630 to 540 ma, which shows. The geological evolution of africa encyclopedia of life. Megaconglomerates of the panafrican orogeny intramontane. He disputes the importance of this orogeny elsewhere in west africa.
The panafrican orogeny was a series of major neoproterozoic orogenic events which related to the formation of the supercontinents gondwana and pannotia about 600 million years ago. The panafrican orogenic cycle is time equivalent with the cadomian orogeny in western and central europe and the baikalian in asia. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, a kroner and others published panafrican orogeny find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Special publication 357 the formation and evolution of. Panafrican orogeny kennedy 1964 defined the panafrican as a thermotectonic event at c. Over a period of about 300 ma the fragmentation of a supercontinent, rodinia, drove a round of seafloor spreading and continental drift that culminated in reassembly of the older continental pieces and entirely new crust in a new supercontinent, gondwana. The metamorphic evolution of gneisses in orvinfjella. Kola peninsula arcs are about 400 ma emplaced during continental collision in norwegian caledonides 300 km away darcs yellow have yielded 2. African orogeny, suffered a high degree of thermal stress and deformation. This orogeny is also known as the pan gondwanan or saldanian orogeny. Proterozoic history of the borborema province ne brazil. Dubois, father of panafricanism, scholar, and uncompromising fighter for human rights. Anarticle by dubois in theatlantic monthly for may,1915, entitled the african roots of war emphasized particularly the economic as.
The late neoproterozoiccambrian pan african orogeny, which can be regarded as. Seismic signatures of the panafrican orogeny oxford academic. They made panafricanism an exclusive african movement, lead by africans. Following the panafrican orogeny, in the cambrian at the time that multicellular life proliferated, eburnesn began to experience regional sedimentation and witnessed. The geometrically complex structural architecture is interpreted to have been generated during a single nesworiented compressional event, clearly linked to the panafrican. Panafrican orogeny the university of texas at dallas. He concluded, in view of the large tracts of reactivated old basement involved in the pan african event, that a process of destabilization was at work. Image courtesy of the geological society of america. The pan african orogenic cycle is time equivalent with the cadomian orogeny in western and central europe and the baikalian in asia. The deposition took place during a short time period between 600 and 590 ma jarrar et al. The first panafrican conference was called in london in 1900 by h.
We are a continent of varied history and realities. Panafricanism must and should be viewed within the lining of. A structural analysis has been carried out along the southeast margin of the chambishinkana basin in the central african copperbelt, hosting the worldclass copper and cobalt cuco nkana orebody. The pan african orogeny was a series of major neoproterozoic orogenic events which related to the formation of the supercontinents gondwana and pannotia about 600 million years ago. He concluded, in view of the large tracts of reactivated old basement involved in the panafrican event, that a process of destabilization was at work. That tectonic evolution was the one that eventually formed the arabian platform. The panafrican orogeny and the grenville orogeny are the largest known systems of orogenies on earth. Interestingly, the line of the orogen is roughly followed by. Petrogenesis, geochemistry and structural evidence of the. It is obvious from the structural and metamorphic evidence that the pan african event reached the status of an orogeny in northwestern nigeria. Panafrican granulites of central dronning maud land and. This orogeny is also known as the pangondwanan or saldanian orogeny.
However, theoutbreakof world wari ledto arestatement of his panafricanism. First direct evidence of panafrican orogeny associated. The panafrican event in dronning maud land shows a collisional age of 610550 ma and an extensional stage at 530500 ma jacobs et al. Apr 11, 2017 the history of gondwana supercontinent and its configuration have been the focus of many investigations 1,2,3,4,5.
Precambrianabout 530 ma, pan african orogeny, separate small cratons convergent to form a supercontinent. Fitches1 has convincingly demonstrated the relative insignificance of the panafrican orogeny in a part of coastal ghana. Improving geochronological framework of the panafrican. Microstructural, petrological and geochronological data on the kyanitemicaschists hosting the cuu lumwana deposit in the western zambian copperbelt of the lu lian belt fran. The geotectonic framework the area has been affected by two proterozoic orogenies.
The pan african orogenic cycle is timeequivalent with the cadomian orogeny in western and central europe and the baikalian in asia. Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon distribution of basins in. Pan african orogeny kennedy 1964 defined the pan african as a thermotectonic event at c. Middlelater jurassicpresent, breakup of gondwana, african plate separate from other plates. The panafrican orogeny was followed by continentalscale uplift, erosion, the formation of intramountain basins and rifting and the development of an extensive peneplain that. Processing and modelling of geophysical data reveal enetrending longwavelength 5 km, deep 3. The panafrican orogeny 730550 ma in saharan africa provides some insight into the contrasting behaviour of cratons and mobile belts. The panafrican damara orogen of southern africa is the result of temporally distinct, highangle and oblique convergence in different parts of what appears to. Brazil and eastern antarctica has been interpreted as a network surrounding older cratons figure 1 and es. Pan african orogeny an overview sciencedirect topics. Jointing, fracturing, and faulting followed the orogeny, and a major northeastsouthwesttrending transcurrent fault system crosses the area.
Panafrican orogeny has been divided into two parts, namely, circa 870 to 630 ma, which is characterized by terrane accretion as seen in arabiannubian shield, and 630 to 540 ma, which shows. It is obvious from the structural and metamorphic evidence that the panafrican event reached the status of an orogeny in northwestern nigeria. The rocks of the maru and anka regions of northwestern nigeria comprise a polycyclic, migmatitegneiss, basement sequence with an infolded cover of low grade metasediments. Structural organization and tectonometamorphic evolution of. The historical aspects of panafricanism apersonal chronicle. Oceans closed at margins reactivated 1 ga continental crust. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. The largest source of evidence for this remarkable tectonic turnaround is a belt stretching ns for over 3000 km from southern israel.
Panafrican events culminated in the formation of the late neoproterozoic supercontinent gondwana figure 1. At the end of this orogenic cycle, a large continuous landmass was formed. Pan african granitoids and corresponds to the western margin of the beninonigerian plate reworked during pan african times 1,2931. At first the panafricanmovement was really a pannegromove ment, centred in america, to unite the negro people of africa and america in the fight against racialism and colonialism. Pan african events culminated in the formation of the late neoproterozoic supercontinent gondwana figure 1. Eburnean orogeny pdf the eburnean orogeny in africa results from the continental collision between the san francisco and congolian cratons.
This was much more complex than a case of headon tectonics, the northwardswelling arabiannubian shield showing all the signs of being like a gigantic pip squeezed out northwards from two cratonic jaws during the last stages of what is often called the pan african orogeny. The kibaran orogeny included a series of events, the latest of which is dated at about 1050 ma waters 1990 and is responsible for. First direct evidence of panafrican orogeny associated with. Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon distribution of basins. Jul 02, 2019 following the pan african orogeny, in the cambrian at the time that multicellular life proliferated, eburnesn began to experience regional sedimentation and witnessed new igneous intrusions. It is a political philosophy represented by the pan african flag that can be see around the world. Don hallett, daniel clarklowes, in petroleum geology of libya second edition, 2016. The philosophy and opinions of marcus garvey, or, africa for the africans by marcus garvey, black skin, white masks by f. Panafrican granitoids and corresponds to the western margin of the beninonigerian plate reworked during panafrican times 1,2931. Panafrican orogeny find, read and cite all the research you need on. The panafrican orogeny was a series of major neoproterozoic orogenic events which related. The history of gondwana supercontinent and its configuration have been the focus of many investigations 1,2,3,4,5. Plate tectonics and the panafrican orogeny in nigeria. However, theoutbreakof world wari ledto arestatement of his pan africanism.
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